Product Description
Glutathione is a tripeptide compound formed through peptide bond condensation of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. It represents the most important low-molecular-weight thiol involved in protecting mammalian cells against oxidative stress. First discovered in 1921, its chemical structure was elucidated in 1930. Renowned American nutrition and health expert Dr. Al Mindell described glutathione as a triple-effective anti-aging amino acid, and it is widely referred to as the “master antioxidant of nature.”
Glutathione appears as colorless, transparent, elongated granular crystals. It is soluble in water, dilute alcohol, liquid ammonia, and dimethylformamide, but insoluble in ethanol, ether, and acetone. The solid form is relatively stable, while its aqueous solution is easily oxidized in air to oxidized glutathione.
It is widely distributed in baker’s yeast, wheat germ, animal liver, chicken blood, pig blood, tomatoes, pineapples, and cucumbers, with the highest levels found in wheat germ and animal liver (up to 100–1000 mg/100 g). Glutathione exhibits multiple biological functions, including antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, detoxification, immune enhancement, anti-aging, anti-cancer effects, and protection against radiation damage. It also supports white blood cell bactericidal activity, helps prevent oxidation of vitamins C and E, and reduces the risk of stroke and cataract formation. In addition, it can bind carcinogens and facilitate their excretion from the body through urine.
Properties
| Melting point | 192-195 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| alpha | -16.5 º (c=2, H2O) |
| Boiling point | 754.5±60.0 °C(Predicted) |
| density | 1.4482 (rough estimate) |
| refractive index | -17 ° (C=2, H2O) |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | H2O: 50 mg/mL |
| form | powder |
| pka | pK1 2.12; pK2 3.53; pK3 8.66; pK4 9.12(at 25℃) |
| color | White |
| PH | 3 (10g/l, H2O, 20°C) |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Water Solubility | soluble |
| Merck | 144475 |
| BRN | 1729812 |
| Sequence | H-γ-Glu-Cys-Gly-OH |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| InChIKey | RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N |
| LogP | -1.645 (est) |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 70-18-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Glutathione (70-18-8) |
| Hazard Codes | Xi |
| Risk Statements | 68-36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 24/25-36/37/39-27-26 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | MC0556000 |
| F | 46288 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29309070 |
Product Application
Glutathione is an endogenous antioxidant that plays a key role in reducing reactive oxygen species generated during cellular metabolism and respiratory bursts. Glutathione-S-transferase catalyzes the formation of glutathione thioethers with xenobiotics, leukotrienes, and other electrophilic compounds. In addition, glutathione can form disulfide bonds with cysteine residues in proteins. Through these biochemical mechanisms, it may also influence the effectiveness of certain anticancer agents.
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