Product Description
Propylene is the second simplest member of the olefin family, with the structural formula CH₂=CHCH₃. It is one of the most important organic chemical feedstocks after ethylene and benzene.
It is typically obtained from gases produced during thermal cracking and catalytic cracking processes, and is also recovered as a byproduct of ethylene production from light oil cracking.
Propylene contains an unsaturated carbon–carbon double bond, which enables it to undergo addition reactions with hydrogen, halogens, and hydrogen halides, as well as addition polymerization reactions.
It is a key raw material used in the production of acrylonitrile, polypropylene, ethylene–propylene rubber, propylene oxide, acetone, and other synthetic resins, as well as synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers, and plastics.
Properties
| Melting point | -185 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling point | -47.7 °C(lit.) |
| Density | 1.49 |
| Vapor density | 1.48 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 15.4 atm (37.7 °C) |
| Refractive index | 1.3567 |
| Flash point | -108°C |
| Acidity coefficient (pKa) | 43(at 25°C) |
| Form | colorless gas |
| Explosion limits | 0.111 |
| Odor threshold | 13ppm |
| Water solubility | 0.33g/L(25 °C) |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.11 W/(m-K) |
| Freezing point | -185.25℃ |
| Merck | 137941 |
| BRN | 1696878 |
| Henry's Law Con stant | 5.6x10-5 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Plyasunov and Shock (2000) |
| Dielectric constant | 1.9 (20℃) |
| Stability | Stable. Highly flammable. Easily forms explosive mixtures with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong acids, and halogens. |
| InChI | 1S/C3H6/c1-3-2/h3H,1H2,2H3 |
| InChIKey | QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC=C |
| LogP | 1.77 at 20℃ |
Product Application
Propylene is an essential raw material in the chemical industry and serves as a key feedstock for the production of a wide range of downstream chemicals.
Through gas-phase oxidation, propylene is converted into acrolein, which is further used to produce acrylic acid, allyl alcohol, glyceraldehyde, hydroxyacetaldehyde, and the important food and feed additive methionine.
Ammonia oxidation of propylene yields acrylonitrile, an important raw material for the manufacture of synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, and plastics. Chlorination of propylene produces chloropropylene, which can be further transformed into allyl alcohol, propylene dichlorohydrin, chloropropionitrile, and other intermediates used in the production of glycerin, epoxy resins, chlorohydrin rubber, and surfactants.
Through alkylation, propylene is used to produce cumene, the main intermediate for phenol production, with acetone generated as a valuable co-product. Oxo synthesis of propylene produces n-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde, which are important intermediates for manufacturing plasticizers, dyes, solvents, pesticides, and various other organic chemicals.
In addition, hydration of propylene produces isopropyl alcohol, which is further used to manufacture acetone, isopropylamine, and isopropyl esters. Propylene can also undergo dimerization, trimerization, polymerization, and tetramerization to yield products such as ethylene, propylene trimers, polypropylene, and dodecene, the latter serving as an important intermediate for surfactant production.
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